ní

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ni"

Bassa

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ní

  1. water

References

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Cogui

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Noun

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ní

  1. water

References

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  • Grace Hensarli, The function of -ki 'switch' in Kogi

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ní

  1. genitive/dative/locative and instrumental singular of ona

Dakota

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Verb

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ní

  1. live, be alive

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish ní (“something”, n of nech) conflated with a reanalysis of Old Irish aní (“that which”) as an ní (“the thing”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Noun

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ní m (genitive singular ní, nominative plural nithe or neathanna)

  1. thing
    Synonym: rud
  2. object
  3. which (referring back to a clause) (followed by a relative clause)
    • 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 194:
      Do bhíodar sé mhí gan fille, agus nuair a chonaic Máire an t-árthach ag teacht chun cuain, bhí sceitimíní ar a croidhe le lúthgháir agus le h-áthas, ní nárbh’ iongnadh.
      They were [away] six months without returning, and when Máire saw the vessel coming to port, her heart had raptures of gladness and joy, which was not surprising.
      (literally, “(…), a thing that was not surprising.”)
Declension
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Declension of ní

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ní nithe
Vocative a ní a nithe
Genitive ní nithe
Dative ní nithe

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ní na nithe
Genitive an ní na nithe
Dative leis an ní

don ní

leis na nithe

Alternative plural: neathanna

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Irish nige.[4]

Alternative forms

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Noun

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ní f (genitive singular nite)

  1. verbal noun of nigh
  2. washing

Verb

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ní

  1. analytic present subjunctive of nigh

Etymology 3

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From Old Irish ní.[6]

Alternative forms

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  • cha (Ulster)
  • níor (used in the past tense with regular and some irregular verbs, also the past/conditional copular form)

Particle

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ní[7]

  1. not (preverbal particle)
    Ní thuigim. ― I do not understand.
    Ní dheachaigh mé ansin. ― I did not go there.
    Ní bhfaighidh siad é. ― They will not find it.
  2. not (present copular form)
    Ní críonnacht creagaireacht. ― Miserliness is not thrift.
    Ní hionann iad. ― They are not the same.
    An gloine é? Ní hea. ― Is it glass? No.
Usage notes
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The preverbal particle triggers lenition of a following consonant. It is not used in the past tense except for some irregular verbs. It takes the dependent form of irregular verbs. The copular form triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel.

See also
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Irish copular forms
Simple copular forms
Present/future
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses is ní an nach
Direct relative clauses nach
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach
Past/conditional
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter.
Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv
Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv
Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv
Present subjunctive
Affirmative Negative
gura, gurabv nára, nárabv
    Compound copular forms
Base word Present/future Past/conditional
cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv
cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv
dá dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv
má más má ba, má b’v
mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv
ó (prep.) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv
ó (conj.) ós ó ba, ó b’v
trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Etymology 4

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Verb

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ní

  1. Alternative spelling of ghní

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ní ‘anything’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ní ‘a thing’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “níḋ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 518
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nige”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. ^ Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “niġe”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 519
  6. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 ní ‘not’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  7. ^ Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ní ‘not’”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 517

Further reading

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Lakota

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Adjective

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ní

  1. alive

Mandarin

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Alternative forms

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Romanization

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ní (ni2, Zhuyin ㄋㄧˊ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 倪
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呢
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 坭
  4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 埿
  5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 妫
  6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 婗
  7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 尼
  8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 屔
  9. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 怩
  10. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 泥
  11. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 淣
  12. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 狋
  13. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 猊
  14. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 秜
  15. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 籾
  16. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 臡／𰯋
  17. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蚭
  18. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蜺
  19. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 觬
  20. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 貎
  21. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跜
  22. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 輗／𫐐
  23. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 郳
  24. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鈦／钛
  25. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 霓
  26. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鯓
  27. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鯢／鲵
  28. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 麑
  29. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 齯／𫠜

Middle Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish ní, from Proto-Celtic *nīs (compare Welsh ni), from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”) (compare Sanskrit न (na), Latin ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni)).

Particle

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ní

  1. not
    • c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 15:
      Mani·tucad immurgu ní din chéttadall ni·bered a n-aill.
      If, however, he did not take anything at (literally “from”) his first thrust, he did not bring the second.
Descendants
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  • Irish: ní

Verb

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ní

  1. is not, isn’t

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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ní

  1. something, anything
    • c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 15:
      Mani·tucad immurgu ní din chéttadall ni·bered a n-aill.
      If, however, he did not take anything at (literally “from”) his first thrust, he did not bring the second.
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Etymology

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di- (“oral”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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ní

  1. he/she says
    Dooda, dishní! ― I say no!

Usage notes

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This verb is frequently used for quoted speech. To introduce quoted speech, just add the prefix á- (“thus”) to any of the forms of the verb. This modifies the meaning to something like "to say as follows" or "to say thus":

Asdzą́ą́ ání, Beeʼeldííl Dahsinilgóó deekai, ní. — That woman says, “we are going to Albuquerque,” she says.

This is a neuter verb that uses only the imperfective mode. Other modes are suppleted by the active verb niih, reproduced below for convenience.

Conjugation

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Paradigm: Neuter imperfective (∅), with some irregularities.

NEUTER IMP singular duoplural plural
1st person dishní diiʼní dadiiʼní
2nd person diní dohní dadohní
3rd person ní daaní
4th person jiní dajiní
PERFECTIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person dííniid diiʼniid dadiiʼniid
2nd person dííníniid dooniid dadooniid
3rd person dííniid dadííniid
4th person jidííniid dazhdííniid
FUTURE singular duoplural plural
1st person dideeshniił didiiʼniił dadidiiʼniił
2nd person didííniił didoohniił dadidoohniił
3rd person didooniił dadidooniił
4th person dizhdooniił dazhdidooniił
ITERATIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person ńdíshʼniih ńdiiʼniih ńdadiiʼniih
2nd person ńdíʼniih ńdóhʼniih ńdadohʼniih
3rd person ńdíʼniih ńdadiʼniih
4th person nízhdíʼniih ńdazhdiʼniih
OPTATIVE singular duoplural plural
1st person dóshneʼ dooʼneʼ dadooʼneʼ
2nd person dóóneʼ doohneʼ dadoohneʼ́
3rd person dóneʼ dadóneʼ
4th person jidóneʼ dazhdóneʼ

See also

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Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Celtic *nīs (compare Welsh ni), from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”) (compare Sanskrit न (na), Latin ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni)).

Particle

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ní

  1. not
    Synonym: nícon

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ní.

Usage notes
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Followed by the dependent form of the verb, which (in Old Irish) is not subjected to nasalization or lenition mutation unless a direct object pronoun is implied. Compare:

  • Ní ben inna firu ― He does not strike the men
  • Ní creti a scél ― He does not believe the story
    Here the b of ben and the c of creti are unmutated.
  • Ní mben ― He does not strike him
  • Ní creti ― He does not believe him
    Here the b of ben and the c of creti are nasalized to mb and /ɡ/ respectively.
  • Ní ben ― He does not strike it
  • Ní chreti ― He does not believe it
    Here the b of ben and the c of creti are lenited to /β/ and ch respectively.

In Middle Irish increasingly, and in Modern Irish always, ní lenites the following verb.

Descendants
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Verb

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ní

  1. is not, isn’t

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ní.

Conjugation
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See relevant rows at Appendix:Old Irish conjugation of is.

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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ní

  1. something, anything; some, any [with di ‘of’]
  2. (in a negative clause) nothing

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ní.

Declension
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Case Animate Neuter
Nominative nech ní
Accusative nech
Genitive neich
Dative neuch, neoch
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ní
also nní after a proclitic
ending in a vowel 		ní
pronounced with /n(ʲ)-/ 		unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Rawang

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Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ní

  1. two.

Synonyms

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